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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known condition of the nervous system that affects 44 percent of the population. It is accompanied by high rates of co-morbidity (depression, anxiety, substance abuse) and significant social, emotional, and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medication are both effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are the most commonly prescribed drugs. Medicines Many adults suffering from ADHD have significant improvements in their symptoms and functioning due to medication. Due to the various ways that people respond to medication, it is essential for those with ADHD to determine a mix that is effective. Stimulants, like amphetamines and methylphenidate, are the most frequently prescribed medications for adults with ADHD. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. Some adults may supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or longer-acting drug that is taken daily to reduce the need for frequent dosing throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated successfully with antidepressants like desipramine. This class of medications can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants to enhance their effects. They may also increase the risk of serious side effects, including rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated with alprazolam or clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These drugs, initially developed to treat high blood pressure, have the ability to calm and improve focus and decrease the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity in some adults. These medications can result in very low blood pressure when they suddenly stop, or the dosage is reduced. Adults with ADHD can also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help them deal with their feelings of shame and embarrassment regarding their ADHD, as well as anger towards supervisors, coworkers teachers, family members and others who may nag or criticize them. Additionally, marriage and family counseling can help couples suffering from ADHD be able to recognize each other's challenges and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults suffering from ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can also help people with ADHD overcome low self-esteem and feelings of failure that is often associated with this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavior therapy, assists people to change negative thoughts and feelings that cause difficulties in their lives. It teaches them new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term and goal-oriented psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of conditions, including anxiety and depression. It can be utilized in conjunction with other treatments or by itself. CBT may also include group therapy. This is particularly beneficial for adults with ADHD as it allows them to meet others who have similar struggles and learn about how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be offered in person or by phone. One study examined the effects of CBT in comparison to conventional therapy for adults suffering from ADHD and discovered that both treatments resulted in improvement in self-report assessments of functioning, symptoms and quality of life. Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms with medium to large effect sizes. These improvements were attributed to diverse approaches, including interpersonal and cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving and mindfulness meditation. It is essential to assess the effectiveness of different treatment options for adults with ADHD with caution. It is likely that the differences in the results of treatment are due to a variety of factors, including the treatment features and the methods employed. A few studies have looked into the effectiveness neurofeedback. This technique involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while performing cognitive tasks in order to pinpoint brain areas in which there is excessive or insufficient activity. The individual then learns to control these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD also suffer from anxiety or mood disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help with these issues, which could be contributing to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy methods which can improve the ability of individuals to manage conflicts and create meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy seeks to alter negative behaviors and assist in reducing impulsive and self-destructive behaviors that can cause problems at school or work. In some cases psychotherapy may be used as an adjunct to medication for adult adhd in adults treatment. People with multiple disorders like depression, substance abuse and bipolar disorder must be evaluated to ensure that their symptoms are not worsened by medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and a history or seizures, must be treated with more vigor. Intensive outpatient programs might be recommended when the person's ADHD is so severe that it affects their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs provide more thorough and controlled treatment than standard outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a type of cognitive therapy, helps adults suffering from ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive function. effects of untreated adhd in adults helps them recognize and express their emotions and utilizes worksheets and activities to make the learning more engaging. Meditation training that is mindful enhances CBT and enhances the ability of a person to concentrate and regulate their emotions. It also enhances an individual's capacity to manage anxiety and stress. It can help them deal with anger, sadness and other difficult emotions that may be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD report difficulties functioning at work and at home. In addition to impacting work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and could result in financial issues. Therapy that addresses these issues will help you to improve your self-esteem and address the root of the issue. It can also help you develop healthy coping methods. Cognitive-behavioral Therapy is a great treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it teaches you how to modify your negative beliefs and behavior. Particularly, it focuses on teaching you to use strategies for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods and a perception of a limited selection. Many people suffering from ADHD have depression or anxiety disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric illnesses may aggravate or diminish the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. It is therefore recommended to first treat the most severe comorbid condition and then observe its response to the medication before treating the other condition. Occupational therapy can help you organize your life and work, establish predictable routines that help you manage your money and time, and develop an optimistic image of yourself. It can also help you learn techniques for relaxation that can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. In the same way yoga and other forms of exercise can help you improve your focus by stabilizing the body in various poses. Family and marriage counseling can help adults with ADHD to resolve the issues they cause their children, spouses and friends. They frequently complain that they are unstable, unorganized, forgetful and prone to making impulsive decisions. Therapy and classes where spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you develop better relationships. It can also help you and your family members to understand that the problems are due to ADHD, rather than an inability to care or an unwillingness to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is an neurobiological disorder that is extremely prevalent. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity. This includes depression, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatment options. There are a range of treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. Certain of these medications have been evaluated in studies. These studies have revealed the strengths and limitations of the drugs. Adults with ADHD may have the same symptoms as children do, but it can be difficult to identify because childhood symptoms might not last into adulthood. Adults suffering from ADHD might not have any family history of the disorder or might not remember the symptoms. A thorough medical history is necessary to help determine whether the symptoms are due to medical conditions such as thyroid issues, sleep apnea, hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning. Treatments for adults suffering from ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and non-stimulant medications. Stimulants are the most effective medication to treat adults suffering from ADHD and their responsiveness rates are within the 70-80 percentage range. The most popular stimulants are methylphenidate and amphetamine compounds. Methylphenidate is also available as a transdermal solution, which permits continuous drug delivery throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD are able to take nonstimulant medication that act on norepinephrine or dopamine. Desipramine, which is the most researched tricyclic, has shown to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medicine and should be increased by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL another antidepressant, has been proven to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine receptor agonist and works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic transporter, thereby increasing its availability in the brain. This drug has been proven to improve the mood of adults and decrease hyperactivity, but it's not as effective in improving cognitive function or concentration as stimulants.